【研究背景】
随着人类的不断发展，土壤冻融过程对于环境和基础设施的影响越来越受到关注。例如，在冬季道路上行驶，车辆会经历路面结冰和解冻的过程，这会对车辆的稳定性和行驶安全造成影响。此外，冻融过程还会对土壤的物理性质和水文循环产生影响。因此，研究土壤的冻融过程对于我们更好地理解和管理自然环境具有重要意义。
【研究内容】
加拿大Concordia大学和南京大学的科研人员合作提出了一种新的热-水-力学模型，用于模拟不饱和土壤中的冻融作用。该模型基于多孔介质连续力学的一般形式推导而来，包含了水分平衡方程和干空气平衡方程。模型考虑了液态水、冰和水蒸气在总水平衡方程中的影响，同时还考虑了非饱和冻结土壤的有效应力定律，以量化孔隙力学行为。该模型还提出了一种基于温度和空气-水毛细压力的非冻结水含量模型。该模型可扩展到包括温暖条件或大变形行为的情况。通过实验室实验数据和在中国西北地区采集的光纤传感数据对该模型进行了验证。
【研究意义】
本研究提出了一种新的热-水-力学模型，用于模拟不饱和土壤中的冻融作用。该模型考虑了多种因素的影响，包括液态水、冰和水蒸气在总水平衡方程中的影响、非饱和冻结土壤的有效应力定律、孔隙力学行为以及非冻结水含量模型等。该模型的创新之处在于它可以用于预测不同条件下土壤的冻融过程，从而有助于我们更好地理解和管理自然地质环境，保护人类生活和生态环境的健康。
来源：Advances in Water Resources
作者：Li B.; Norouzi E.; Zhu H.-H.; Wu B.
出版时间：2024-02-01
DOI：10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104624
A thermo-poromechanical model for simulating freeze–thaw actions in unsaturated soils
ABSTRACT: This study presents a new fully coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) model for variably saturated freezing soil, which examines the freeze–thaw (F-T) actions. The model is derived based on the general form of continuum mechanics for porous media. The mass balance equations cover the conservations of the total water and dry air, where liquid water, ice, and vapor are involved in the total water balance equation. The effective stress law for the unsaturated frozen soil is included in the model to quantify poromechanical behaviors. The pore pressure contains components from pore water pressure, pore air pressure, and ice pressure. A new model for characterizing the unfrozen water content based on temperature and air-water capillary pressure is proposed. The THM formulation is based on multidimensional derivation, thus is versatile to be extended to cases including warm temperature conditions or large deformation behavior. The model was implemented in a 2D finite element package and validated by a set of published laboratory experimental data. The numerical code is also applied to simulate the freeze–thaw actions in highly unsaturated loess located in the northwest of China, where the quasi-distributed fiber optic sensing data is collected for field-scale validations. Our simulated thermal-hydromechanical responses match well with in situ monitored results and confirm that freezing-induced heaving is still significant in such highly unsaturated soil.
Keywords: Thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling, Unsaturated loess, Finite element method, Pore pressure, Fiber optic sensing
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